In his report, Justice Mehar Chand Mahajan recommended that the boundary line should be near the Ravi including Lahore in the East Punjab and Justice Teja Singh advocated that the boundary line should be near the Chenab, including parts of the districts of Sheikhupura and Gujranwala, Montgomery and

In this article "When Emperors turned on Gurus", author Parvez Mahmood writes about the historical injustices suffered by the Sikhs that caused a growing rift between the two communities in Punjab. Excerpt ⓒThe Friday Times: The seeds of animosity between the two communities, Muslim and Sikh, that

Reference link (pdf)

Village Kular (or Kularan) witnessed mass murder of Muslims in the August 1947 partition riots. Reference: Interview by Sanwal Dhami of Mohammad Sharif (link). Map of village

About 2,200 Muslims were massacred in this village. Tehsil Tanda, District Hoshiarpur. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJKXvLXdBd8

March 1947 events in Multan. Events of March are highlighted on a map of Multan describing the events and their locations. https://public.tableau.com/profile/ramanjit.singh#!/vizhome/Multan-March1947/Sheet1?publish=yes

The Ferozepur road, one of Lahore’s arterial thoroughfares, evokes a lot of nostalgia. Starting from the Walled City, connecting several small ancient hamlets on the way, including Ichra, Mozang, Amar Sadhu and Kasur, it leads to Ferozepur in India. Or so it did. Somewhere along its path, a bounda

"The container service, transporting goods from the business hub of Ludhiana to Karachi dry port via the Fazilka railway junction not only offered a short route to Karachi (about 900 kms away), but also gave the railway a huge revenue from this route during the pre-partition days," says Fazilka-base

The most fascinating demographic feature of post partition Ludhiana was the religious composition of its population. Ludhiana had changed dramatically in the post-partition period. The town transformed itself from being a Muslim majority locality to non-Muslim majority area after 1947.The population

In another of his great articles exploring the close relationships between Sikhs and Muslims, writer Haroon Khalid narrates the story about the role of Muslim rubabis in Sikh Gurdwaras. Baba Nanak and Bhai Mardana Link to article: https://www.dawn.com/news/1402759 Excerpt: "Why weren’t the Muslim

Much before the calamitous events of Aug-Sept 1947, the north-eastern region of what is now Pakistan saw targeted attacks on Sikh villages. Born and brought up in Nowshera Cantonment in Peshawar, I was 14 at the time of Partition. An important cantonment of British India, it had the Royal Air Force

Sargodha was founded at the turn of the 20th century as headquarters of the Jhelum Canal Colony. Too often we forget that the canal colonies of Punjab were colossal enterprises of social and economic engineering. The vast tracts of agricultural land surrounding the administrative and market centre o

Writer Avina Kohli writes a moving story about her family's journey from Mandi Bahahuddin to Ambala. Excerpt: Even if there was to be a Pakistan, it was decided that they would still stay put. Grandfather, like many other of the other people I had interviewed about Partition, had once rhetorical

Reference: Digital South Asia Library - University of Chicago

Link: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/modern/maps1947/maps1947.html

https://books.google.com/books?id=eloPAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

Excerpt from Rajinder Kumar Malhotra's journey to Lahore. " What is striking is that though our countries are in conflict over various issues including Kashmir, the people of Pakistan were very courteous and hospitable and they made me as comfortable as possible in their country. It was truly a ple

"Had Master ji not been there that day and had he not acted with that kind of bravado, the map of India would have been very different from what it looks like now. By uprooting the Pakistani flag in Lahore, Master Tara Singh procured for India half of the Punjab and Bengal," - C Rajagopalachari, Pre

Research article by Prashant Bharadwaj, Professor of Economics at UC San Diego and Saumitra Jha, Professor of Political Economy at Stanford University School of Business. The map shows the share of affected religious minorities in the population of pre-Partition India according to the census of 193

Jampur, Dera Ghazi Khan - Migration of non-muslims to Delhi Sanjeev Arora's forefathers were farmers in Jampur (Dera Ghazi Khan) who turned to bookselling in the 1920s when a relative named Narendar interacted with British officials ruling the country at the time and observed their keen interest in

Photographs of pre-partition havelis of Kalanaur, Rohtak. https://issuu.com/wokalmag/docs/issue_2_final_editted_1-pages-1-65-merged-pages-1-/s/10987644 Kalanaur, Rohtak

In this interview by Khayam Chohan, the eye witness recounts the massacre of Muslims in the village Mathi, Ludhiana district. Mathi, Ludhiana district, partition stories

On August 11th, around 3 PM, a mob surrounded a Muslim village of Sidhar Rajputan in the Amritsar District. According to the eye witness account, the zamindars were out tending the fields when the attack started from all four sides. Slowly the mob tightened its grip of the village and converged in

The economic and agriculture condition of the Sikhs and Hindus was better in West Punjab versus what they received in East Punjab after migration. Here's a document that reveals this disparity. West Punjab was the richer agricultural area and Muslim refugees received larger holdings than they left.

Link: https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366712/1/Ilyas%2520PhD-E-Thesis.pdf

Article by Harjap Singh Aujla " Rural Lahorias and Sialkotias were the first to migrate to India. According to Gurbachan Singh Bajwa, the then Rehabilitation Minister of Punjab, the Sialkotias crossed the border at Dera Baba Nanak, Pathankot and Wagah/Attari.  Most of the rural Sialkotias were set

British India railway schedule for Punjab Mail that ran from Bombay to Peshawar. Link to article

The heavily populated area of Field Ganj in Ludhiana, which many say got its name from the city of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England, was the only home that young Anwar Ali knew of in pre-Partition India. It was in this vicinity that his father worked as a postal clerk. Field Ganj, pronounced Fe

Many Muslim families of this Majha heartland who were converted to Sikhism so that they could save themselves from the communal frenzy in 1947 yearn to meet their relatives in Pakistan. Many who stayed back in India or were left behind, were converted to Sikhism. They grew up believing in Waheguru,

An interesting interview of two brothers now living in Pakistan who talk about life at Dhurkot, Ludhiana. Before partition all used to get along. There were melas and religious festivals that everyone participated. After eruption of violence at Jarahan, Muslims moved to Dhurkot and then on to Ahmed